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| 渭北地区不同苹果品种在‘青砧1号’上的生长和结果表现 |
| Growth and Fruiting Performance of Different Apple Cultivars on ‘Qingzhen No.1’ in Weibei Region |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 ‘青砧1号’ 亲和性 生长势 |
| 英文关键词:Apple ‘Qingzhen No.1’ Graft compatibility Growth potential |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| ‘青砧1号’作为我国自主选育的无融合生殖苹果砧木，未来在黄土高原产区和老果园改造过程中极具发展潜力，但是目前‘青砧1号’砧木嫁接不同品种在渭北地区的栽培表现研究较少。因此，本研究以‘青砧1号’为试验材料，嫁接12个苹果品种，连续两年调查树体的营养生长及结果特性，为该地区推广适宜的品种提供栽培技术支撑。研究结果表明：亲和度，3、4 a生‘弘前富士’和‘瑞香红’的接穗粗度均比较大，‘秦脆’的接穗粗度2 a均为最小，大多数品种与‘青砧1号’的砧穗比均接近于1，嫁接亲和性较好，其中‘瑞雪’的砧穗比2 a均为最接近1的,‘玉华早富’的砧穗比偏小，3、4 a生的砧穗比分别为0.88、0.90。树体生长势，12个品种中，‘瑞香红’、‘瑞雪’、‘伊美’的营养生长旺盛，树体高度大、枝量多、生长势强；‘秦脆’的树体高度、冠幅较小，枝量少，春、秋梢生长量小，树体生长势较弱。其次，‘瑞雪’、‘秦脆’667 m2产量在2 a内显著高于其他品种，其中‘玉华早富’的667 m2产量最低，仅为72.34 kg/667m2。果实商品率，‘瑞雪’、‘瑞香红’的果实商品率均高于70%，4年生秦脆的果实商品率达71.69%，而‘玉华早富’连续2 a的商品率最低，均低于55%。因此，在渭北地区，‘青砧1号’上的‘瑞雪’、‘秦脆’等品种有着较好的栽植表现。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| ‘Qingzhen No.1’is an apomictic apple rootstock independently bred in China and shows great potential for application in the Loess Plateau production region and in old orchard renovation. However, limited studies have examined its grafting performance with different apple cultivars in the Weibei region. In this study, twelve apple cultivars were grafted onto ‘Qingzhen No.1’ rootstock, and their vegetative growth and fruiting characteristics were investigated over two consecutive years. The results showed that the scion diameter of 3- and 4-year-old ‘Hirosaki Fuji’ and ‘Ruixianghong’ was relatively large, whereas ‘Qincui’ had the smallest scion diameter at two years of age. The rootstock–scion ratio of most cultivars was close to 1.0, indicating good graft compatibility. ‘Ruixue’ exhibited the ratio closest to 1.0 in both years, whereas ‘Yuhuazaofu’ showed elatively lower ratios (0.88 and 0.90 at three and four years of age, respectively). In terms of vegetative growth, ‘Ruixianghong’, ‘Ruixue’, and ‘Scilate’ showed vigorous growth, characterized by greater tree height, higher branch number, and stronger growth potential. In contrast, ‘Qincui’ exhibited smaller tree size, narrower canopy, fewer branches, and weaker shoot growth. The yield per 667 m2 of ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Qincui’ was significantly higher than that of the other cultivars during the two-year evaluation period, whereas ‘Yuhuazaofu’ showed the lowest yield (72.34 kg/667 m2). The marketable fruit rate of ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Ruixianghong’ exceeded 70%, and that of four-year-old ‘Qincui’ reached 71.69%. In contrast, ‘Yuhuazaofu’ had the lowest marketable rate (<55%) in two consecutive years. Overall, ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Qincui’ grafted onto ‘Qingzhen No.1’ demonstrate favorable growth and fruiting performance and are suitable for cultivation in the Weibei region. |
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