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| 不同宽幅播种机型对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of Different Wide Sowing Machines on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 宽幅播种 农艺性状 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Wide-range sowing Agronomic traits Yield Water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划-重点产业创新链项目（2023-ZDLNY-03）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出最适宜陕西渭北的小麦宽幅播种机，推动小麦宽幅沟播技术的大面积应用，在大田试验条件下，研究以当前最新的4种宽幅播种机型和普通条播机播种冬小麦，通过测定冬小麦生育期内农艺性状、产量和剖面水分变化，分析不同宽幅播种机型对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，宽幅种植均能够提高返青期和拔节期5 cm土壤温度，同时，能够明显降低灌浆期5 cm、10 cm、15 cm土壤温度。宽幅播种条件下起身期西安亚澳、河南鑫乐、户县双永和山东郓城四种机型播种的冬小麦单株分蘖数均分别高于普通条播28.1%、28.1%、59.4%和12.5%；同时有助于降低冬小麦株高和节间长度，并明显增加穗长。与普通条播相比，宽幅播种机每公顷平均产量比普通条播机平均产量高出567.0 kg，增产率达8.1%；西安亚澳和户县双永机型播种的冬小麦水分利用效率分别提高11.2%和6.2%，然而河南鑫乐和山东郓城冬小麦水分利用效率分别平均降低3.1%和1.2%。综上，户县双永分层施肥机产量最高，为7 815.0 kg/hm2，同时水分利用效率明显提高6.2%，更适宜于陕西渭北旱地小麦播种，达到丰产和稳产的效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To screen out the most suitable wheat wide-width planter in Weibei drought upland in Shannxi Province and promote the large-scale application of wheat wide-range sowing technology,a field experiment was conducted using four newly developed wide-width planters and a conventional drill to sow winter wheat. By measuring growth traits,yield,and soil water dynamics during the growth period,the effects of different wide-width planters on wheat yield and water use efficiency were analyzed.The results showed that wide-width sowing increased the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm during the regreening and jointing stages but reduced soil temperatures at 5 cm,10 cm,and 15 cm during the filling stage. Under wide sowing conditions,the number of tillers per plant in winter wheat sown using the Xi'an Ya'ao,Henan Xinle,Huxian Shuangyong,and Shandong Yuncheng planters increased by 28.1%,28.1%,59.4%,and 12.5%,respectively,compared to conventional drilling. Additionally,wide sowing helped reduce plant height and internode length while significantly increasing ear length.Compared with the conventional drill,the average yield per hectare using wide-width planters was 567.0 kg higher,with a yield increase rate of 8.1%. The water use efficiency of winter wheat sown with the Xi'an Ya'ao and Huxian Shuangyong planters increased by 11.2% and 6.2%,respectively. However,the water use efficiency of wheat sown with the Henan Xinle and Shandong Yuncheng planters decreased by 3.1% and 1.2%,respectively. In conclusion,the Shuangyong layered fertilizer planter in Huxian County achieved the highest yield of 7,815.0 kg/ha,with a significant improvement in water use efficiency by 6.2%. Therefore,the Shuangyong layered fertilizer planter in Huxian County is recommended for wheat sowing in the Weibei drylands of Shaanxi Province to achieve high and stable yields. |
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