小麦生物质炭施用对不同类型植烟土壤性质、微生物群落结构及丰度的影响

郑旭鹤; 刘长月; 原建强; 王孟阳; 来航线; 张阿凤; 张艳玲

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小麦生物质炭施用对不同类型植烟土壤性质、微生物群落结构及丰度的影响

Effects of Wheat Straw-Derived Biochar Application on Soil Properties, Microbial Community Structure, and Abundance in Different Tobacco-Planting Soils

DOI：

中文关键词: 小麦生物质炭土壤类型酶活性微生物群落结构微生物群落丰度

英文关键词:Wheat straw-derived biochar Soil type Enzyme activity Microbial community structure Microbial community abundance

基金项目:

作者	单位
郑旭鹤,刘长月,原建强,王孟阳,来航线, 张阿凤，张艳玲	(1.陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业有限公司, 陕西神木 719313 2.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵 712100 3.农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨陵 712100 4.中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州 450001)

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中文摘要:

为探明小麦秸秆生物质炭对不同类型土壤烤烟种植影响的机理，以水稻土（F）、褐土（H）、黄壤（G）三种土壤类型为研究对象，设置3%（质量分数）的小麦秸秆生物质炭添加处理（WF3、WH3和WG3）及各自土壤的空白对照（不添加生物质炭处理，CK），基于盆栽试验,研究其对不同类型土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落结构和丰度的影响。结果表明,与各自的CK处理相比，WG3处理的NO^-₃和NH⁺₄含量变化不显著，WF3和WH3处理的NO^-₃含量分别下降58.1%和38.1%，NH⁺₄含量分别下降21.5%和63.3%。WF3处理全钾含量下降25.2%，WG3处理上升24.9%，WH3处理无显著变化。生物质炭对土壤酶活性的影响与土壤类型有关,水稻土蔗糖酶活性降低6.2%，黄壤升高73.0%，褐土无显著影响；水稻土、褐土脲酶活性分别升高51.6%和45.7%，黄壤无显著变化。生物质炭对水稻土、褐土细菌丰度无显著影响，但显著提升了黄壤细菌丰富度（放线菌门降低，芽单胞菌门、拟杆菌、疣微菌、杂菌的丰度显著提高），土壤有效钾是影响细菌丰度的重要因子；添加生物质炭对褐土真菌丰度无显著影响，但显著降低了水稻土真菌丰度（担子菌门降低，接合菌门、壶菌门升高）。Spearman相关性分析表明壶菌门、球囊菌门相对丰度分别与土壤硝态氮含量、脲酶活性呈显著的负相关。表明小麦生物质炭对不同土壤理化性质的差异化作用是影响其微生物群落结构的重要原因。

英文摘要:

To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of wheat straw-derived biochar on flue-cured tobacco cultivation in different soil types, three soil types, namely paddy soil (F), brown soil (H), and yellow soil (G), were used as the study soils. Treatments with 3% (mass fraction) wheat straw-derived biochar addition (WF3, WH3, and WG3) and corresponding controls for each soil type (CK, no biochar addition) were set up. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on the physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and microbial abundance of different soil types. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding CK treatments, the NO^-₃ and NH⁺₄ contents in the WG3 treatment did not change significantly; in the WF3 and WH3 treatments, the NO^-₃ content decreased by 58.1% and 38.1%, respectively, and the NH⁺₄content decreased by 21.5% and 63.3%, respectively. The total potassium content decreased by 25.2% in the WF3 treatment, increased by 24.9% in the WG3 treatment, and showed no significant change in the WH3 treatment. The effect of biochar on soil enzyme activity was related to soil type: sucrase activity decreased by 6.2% in paddy soil, increased by 73.0% in yellow soil, and showed no significant change in brown soil; urease activity increased by 51.6% and 45.7% in paddy soil and brown soil, respectively, while no significant change was observed in yellow soil. Biochar had no significant effect on bacterial abundance in paddy soil and brown soil, but significantly increased bacterial richness in yellow soil, with a decrease in the abundance of Actinobacteriota and significant increases in the abundances of Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, and unclassified bacteria. Soil available potassium was an important factor affecting bacterial abundance. Biochar addition had no significant effect on fungal abundance in brown soil, but significantly reduced fungal abundance in paddy soil, with a decrease in the abundance of Basidiomycota and increases in the abundances of Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota were significantly negatively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen content and urease activity, respectively. Therefore, the differential effects of wheat straw-derived biochar on the physicochemical properties of different soils are an important factor shaping microbial community structure.

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