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| 416份秦巴山地玉米种质资源的耐密性和宜机收特性综合评价 |
| Comprehensive Evaluation of Density Tolerance and Mechanical Harvesting Suitability of 416 Maize Germplasm Resources from Qinba Mountain Area |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 种质资源 耐密性 宜机收特性 综合评价 |
| 英文关键词:Maize Germplasm resources Density tolerance Mechanical harvesting suitability Comprehensive evaluation |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划（2022NY-187）；陕西省重点研发计划（2023-YBNY-050）；陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟2021年示范推广项目（LM202102）；陕西省重点研发计划（2025NC-YBXM-083）。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 106 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选耐密宜机收种质，培育耐密宜机收玉米品种，采用相关性分析法和主成分分析法，对416份秦巴山地玉米种质资源的耐密性和宜机收特性进行综合评价，结果表明,株高、穗位高、籽粒水分含量、茎秆强度、穗上叶夹角角度可以作为耐密宜机收种质资源的选择依据；初步筛选出综合得分≥ 2的耐密宜机收材料共4份，分别为22TS243、22TS143、22TS387、22TS203，结合表型性状分析均具有叶夹角＜30°，成熟期籽粒水分含量＜25%，株高和穗位高较低，抗倒性强，空秆株率和倒伏株率较小，单穗鲜重较大等优异的耐密宜机收特性，可作为选育耐密宜机收玉米品种的骨干材料利用；综合得分≥ 1.5的耐密宜机收材料共8份，结合表型性状分析均具有叶夹角＜35°，成熟期籽粒水分含量＜25%，株高和穗位高较低，抗倒性强，空秆株率和倒伏株率较小，单穗鲜重较大等优异的耐密宜机收特性，可作为选育耐密宜机收玉米品种的重点材料利用；综合得分≥ 1.0的耐密宜机收材料共32份，结合表型性状分析均表现叶夹角＜45°，成熟期籽粒水分含量＜25%，株高和穗位高较低，抗倒性强，空秆株率和倒伏株率较小，单穗鲜重较大等特性，在选育耐密宜机收玉米品种的过程中，可根据不同材料的综合优势分别加以利用。耐密宜机收种质的筛选结果为秦巴山地耐密宜机收玉米品种的选育奠定了基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To screen density-tolerant germplasm suitable for mechanical harvesting and breed maize varieties with density tolerance and suitability for mechanical harvesting, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the density tolerance and mechanical harvesting suitability of 416 maize germplasm resources from the Qinba Mountain Area. The results showed that plant height, ear height, grain moisture content, stem strength, and leaf angle above the ear could be used as selection criteria for density-tolerant germplasm suitable for mechanical harvesting. A total of four materials with comprehensive scores ≥2 were preliminarily screened, namely 22TS243, 22TS143, 22TS387, and 22TS203. Combined with phenotypic trait analysis, these materials all showed excellent density tolerance and mechanical harvesting suitability, including leaf angle <30°, grain moisture content at maturity <25%, relatively low plant height and ear height, strong lodging resistance, low barren stalk rate and lodging rate, and high fresh weight per ear. They could be used as backbone materials for breeding density-tolerant maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting. A total of eight materials with comprehensive scores ≥1.5 were identified. Combined with phenotypic trait analysis, these materials all showed excellent density tolerance and mechanical harvesting suitability, including leaf angle <35°, grain moisture content at maturity <25%, relatively low plant height and ear height, strong lodging resistance, low barren stalk rate and lodging rate, and high fresh weight per ear. They could be used as key materials for breeding density-tolerant maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting. A total of 32 materials with comprehensive scores ≥1.0 were identified. Combined with phenotypic trait analysis, these materials showed leaf angle <45°, grain moisture content at maturity <25%, relatively low plant height and ear height, strong lodging resistance, low barren stalk rate and lodging rate, and high fresh weight per ear. In the breeding of density-tolerant maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting, these materials could be used according to the comprehensive advantages of different materials. The screening results of density-tolerant germplasm suitable for mechanical harvesting lay a foundation for breeding density-tolerant maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in the Qinba Mountain Area. |
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