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| 植保无人机释放赤眼蜂防治玉米穗期害虫最适放蜂量筛选试验 |
| Screening Test on Optimal Release Rate of Trichogramma for Controlling Maize Pests at Ear Stage Using Plant Protection UAVs |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 松毛虫赤眼蜂 蜂量 植保无人机 玉米穗期害虫 防效 |
| 英文关键词:Trichogramma dendrolimi Release rate Plant protection UAV Maize pests at the ear stage Control efficacy |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 贺亚红,刘珠珠,张俊侠,张聪合,王永梅,谷晓杰,梁琦伟,朱娅君,王晶莹,张 涛 | （渭南市临渭区农业技术推广中心,陕西 渭南 714000） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索植保无人机释放赤眼蜂防治玉米穗期害虫的最经济有效放蜂量，渭南市临渭区在前人研究基础上开展了2次667 m2释放1.2万头、2万头和3.2万头3种不同放蜂量防效筛选试验。结果显示，随放蜂总量增大防效增加，放蜂总量和防效呈正相关。2次667 m2放蜂总量2万头与3.2万头防效均显著高于1.2万头与同期化学药剂的防效，防效达61.97%以上；2次667 m2放蜂总量2万头和3.2万头增产效果相对较好，增产率达7.32%以上，产量结果进一步印证了防效结果；667 m2投入成本和产量收益呈正比，2次667 m2放蜂总量2万头和3.2万头净增产效益相对较高，667 m2净增产效益达76.71元以上。综上说明，2次667 m2放蜂总量2万头以上，可有效控制玉米穗期害虫（玉米螟、棉铃虫）。综合从防效、增产效益及群众对667 m2投入成本的接受程度考虑，推荐生产上防治玉米穗期害虫选择2次667 m2放蜂总量2万头以上，每667 m2每次1万头，第一次放蜂时间为灯诱或性诱成虫始盛期后5～8d，或首次查到卵块时，间隔5～7d第二次放蜂。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the most cost-effective release rate of Trichogramma using plant protection UAVs for controlling pests at the maize ear stage, screening tests were conducted in Linwei District based on previous studies, with three total release rates over two releases per 667 m2: 12 000, 20 000, and 32 000 wasps. The results showed that the control efficacy increased with the total number of released wasps, indicating a positive correlation. The control efficacy of the total release rates of 20 000 and 32 000 wasps per 667 m2 over two releases was significantly higher than that of the 12 000-wasp release rate and the chemical pesticide treatment during the same period, reaching more than 61.97%. The total release rates of 20 000 and 32 000 wasps per 667 m2 over two releases achieved relatively better yield-increasing effects, with yield increase rates exceeding 7.32%, and the yield results further confirmed the control efficacy. The input cost per 667 m2 was proportional to the yield benefit; the total release rates of 20,000 and 32 000 wasps per 667 m2 over two releases produced relatively higher net yield-increase benefits, exceeding 76.71 yuan per 667 m2. In summary, releasing a total of more than 20 000 wasps per 667 m2 over two releases can effectively control major maize pests at the ear stage, including Ostrinia furnacalis and Helicoverpa armigera. Considering control efficacy, yield-increasing benefit, and farmers’ acceptance of the input cost per 667 m2, it is recommended that a total of more than 20 000 wasps per 667 m2 over two releases be used in production to control maize pests at the ear stage, with 10 000 wasps per 667 m2 released each time. The first release should be conducted 5~8 d after the initial peak period of adults trapped by light traps or sex pheromone traps, or when egg masses are first detected, and the second release should be conducted after an interval of 5~7 d. |
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