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| 集雨灌溉对设施番茄、甜瓜和西瓜产量与品质的影响 |
| Effects of Rainwater Harvesting Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Tomato, Muskmelon and Watermelon under Protected Cultivation |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 甜瓜 西瓜 集雨灌溉 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:Tomato Muskmelon Watermelon Rainwater harvesting irrigation Yield Quality |
| 基金项目:陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关（2023NYGG008）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究集雨灌溉在延安地区设施蔬菜生产应用的效果，以番茄、甜瓜和西瓜为试验材料，对比分析了地下水灌溉（T1）、地下水-雨水混合灌溉（T2，1∶1）和纯雨水灌溉（T3）对3种设施蔬菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明，混合水和雨水的电导率和硬度值显著低于地下水，分别降低33.7%～69%和38.7%～76.8%，水质条件更适宜作物生长。T2处理显著提高了番茄的净光合速率（13.5%）、产量（47.2%）和番茄红素含量（ 61.9%），甜瓜全株干物质积累（47.4%）和产量（13.7%），以及西瓜的净光合速率（ 14.5%）和产量（19.8%）。T3处理则显著提升了番茄叶绿素含量（26.6%），甜瓜的净光合速率（13.9%）、叶绿素含量（58.5%）和可溶性固形物含量（16.2%），以及西瓜的净光合速率（17.4%）和产量（48.4%）。地下水和混合水有利于番茄品质提升，而混合水和雨水则更有利于西瓜和甜瓜品质改善。混合水和雨水灌溉显著降低了栽培基质的电导率值（降幅27.0%~64.6%）。本研究证实集雨灌溉技术在延安地区具有一定的应用价值，既能提高水资源利用效率，又能促进设施蔬菜优质高产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of rainwater harvesting irrigation on protected vegetable production in the Yan’an region, tomato, muskmelon and watermelon were used as experimental materials. The effects of groundwater irrigation (T1), mixed groundwater–rainwater irrigation (T2, 1:1), and pure rainwater irrigation (T3) on the yield and quality of the three protected vegetable crops were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the electrical conductivity (EC) and water hardness of mixed water and rainwater were significantly lower than those of groundwater, with reductions of 33.7%–69% and 38.7%~76.8%, respectively, indicating that the water quality conditions were more suitable for crop growth.T2 treatment significantly increased tomato net photosynthetic rate (13.5%), yield (47.2%) and lycopene content (61.9%); muskmelon whole-plant dry matter accumulation (47.4%) and yield (13.7%); and watermelon net photosynthetic rate ( 14.5%) and yield (19.8%).T3 treatment significantly increased tomato chlorophyll content (26.6%); muskmelon net photosynthetic rate (13.9%), chlorophyll content (58.5%) and soluble solids content ( 16.2%); and watermelon net photosynthetic rate (17.4%) and yield (48.4%). Groundwater and mixed water were beneficial for improving tomato quality, whereas mixed water and rainwater were more beneficial for improving watermelon and muskmelon quality. Mixed water and rainwater irrigation significantly reduced the electrical conductivity of the cultivation substrate (by 27.0%–64.6%). This study confirms that rainwater harvesting irrigation technology has certain application value in the Yan’an region, as it improves water resource use efficiency and promotes high yield and quality of protected vegetables. |
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