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| 种植密度对机收玉米干物质积累与转运及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation and Grain Yield of Mechanically Harvestable Maize |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 种植密度 干物质与氮素积累 籽粒灌浆与脱水 籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词:Maize Planting density Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation Grain filling and dehydration Grain yield |
| 基金项目:陕西省重大科技专项(ZDNY2023-02-08)；旱区农业陕西实验室开放课题（2024ZY-JCYJ- 02-13）；陕西省科技厅科技项目（2024NC-XCZX-11）。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 41 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究种植密度对机收玉米品种干物质与氮素转运、籽粒含水率和产量的影响，为陕西灌区玉米机械化密植高产技术提供支撑。于2021-2022年以机收品种陕单650和普通品种秦龙14为试验材料，设置60 000（LD）、75 000（MD）、90 000（HD）株/hm2 3个种植密度，测定干物质与氮素积累转运、籽粒灌浆脱水和产量等指标。结果表明 秦龙14和陕单650分别在75 000株/hm2和90 000株/hm2密度下产量达到最高值15 235.5 kg/hm2和17 104.9 kg/hm2，较低密度分别产量提高15.8%和24.9%，密植后陕单650比秦龙14增产18.2%，同时籽粒含水率降低16.5%。与秦龙14相比，陕单650在高密下具有相对较高的茎叶干物质和氮素转运效率（34.2%和4.5%），为籽粒生长发育提供更多碳源。同时，陕单650密植下达到最大灌浆速率所需要的时间比秦龙14早0.71 d，平均灌浆速率较秦龙14高0.05 g/d，Wmax较秦龙14高0.81 g。因此与普通品种秦龙14相比，机收品种陕单650高密下维持更高的群体干物质与氮素积累量，促进籽粒灌浆速率，较快的花后叶茎干物质与氮素转运，加快籽粒脱水，获得相对较高的籽粒产量和较低含水率，有利于玉米机械籽粒直收。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of planting density on basal stem characteristics, lodging rate, grain moisture content, and yield of spring maize at different maturity stages were investigated to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for high yield and high efficiency cultivation in the irrigated area of northern Shaanxi. Three planting densities—60,000 (LD), 75,000 (MD), and 90,000 (HD) plants hm?2—were tested using the mechanically harvestable cultivar SD650 and the conventional cultivar QL14. Basal stem characteristics, lodging rate, dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling characteristics, yield, and yield components were determined. The results showed that QL14 and SD650 achieved maximum yields of 15,235.5 and 17,104.9 kg hm2 at 75,000 and 90,000 plants hm2, respectively, representing increases of 15.8% and 24.9% compared with 60,000 plants hm2. Compared with QL14, SD650 produced a higher yield (by 18.2%) and a lower grain moisture content (by 16.5%). Under high density, SD650 exhibited higher leaf and stem dry matter and higher nitrogen translocation efficiency (3.2% and 4.5%), providing more assimilates for grain growth and development. In addition, under high density, SD650 reached the maximum grain filling rate 0.71 d earlier than QL14, and the average grain filling rate and Wmax were 0.05 g/d and 0.81 g higher, respectively (Wmax should be defined at first mention). In conclusion, compared with QL14, the mechanically harvestable cultivar SD650 maintaines higher population level dry matter accumulation, greater post flowering leaf and stem dry matter and nitrogen translocation, a higher grain filling rate, and a lower grain moisture content under higher planting density, thereby achieving higher grain yield and facilitating mechanical grain harvesting. |
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