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| 多抗宜机收玉米新品种宁研678选育及高效栽培技术研究 |
| Breeding of a New Multi Resistant and Mechanically Harvestable Maize Variety 'Ningyan 678' and Its Efficient Cultivation Techniques |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 玉米新品种 宁研678 特征特性 选育模式 高效栽培 |
| 英文关键词:New maize variety ‘Ningyan 678’ Characteristic features Breeding mode Efficient cultivation |
| 基金项目:国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设专项（nycytx 02）。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 40 |
| 全文下载次数: 20 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究通过整合美国优质杂交种与郑单958的优良基因，采用多基因聚合与多生态逆境加压筛选策略，创制出耐密抗逆、快速脱水、高配合力自交系J101和JF003，并组配育成宜机收新品种宁研678。基于品种特性，创新构建“二次包衣-种肥联控-密植化控-绿色防控-高效直收”五位一体机械化技术体系。通过杀虫/菌剂协同包衣增强种子抗逆性、智能播种机实现种肥精准分层深施与缓控释肥基施、融合密植化控技术优化群体冠层结构,抗病品种与生物防治协同降低农药用量,籽粒含水率≤28%机械直收等措施,实现较传统模式平均增收206.9元/667 m2，形成种质特性与机械化生产深度适配的技术范式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to major industrial constraints in the Huang–Huai–Hai summer maize region, including frequent high temperature stress, recurrent pest and disease outbreaks, insufficient stress resistance of existing cultivars, low grain dehydration rates, and poor compatibility between agricultural machinery and agronomic practices, this study aimed to achieve the coordinated optimization of germplasm innovation and cultivation techniques. The objective was to enhance stress tolerance and yield potential while developing maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting together with a matched high efficiency cultivation system. By integrating elite germplasm from U.S. hybrid maize and the widely cultivated cultivar ‘Zhengdan 958’, and by applying a strategy combining multigene pyramiding with intensive multi environment stress selection, two inbred lines, J101 and JF003, were successfully developed. These lines exhibited high combining ability, strong tolerance to multiple stresses, adaptability to high density planting, and rapid grain dehydration. Based on these parental lines, the mechanically harvestable maize cultivar ‘Ningyan 678’ was bred. Based on the varietal characteristics of ‘Ningyan 678’, an innovative “five in one” mechanized cultivation system was established, integrating secondary seed coating, coordinated seed–fertilizer regulation, density based chemical regulation, green pest control, and high efficiency direct mechanical harvesting. Specifically, synergistic coating with insecticides and fungicides enhanced seed stress resistance. Intelligent precision seeders enabled stratified deep placement of seeds and fertilizers and basal application of slow and controlled release fertilizers. The integration of dense planting with chemical regulation optimized canopy structure, while the combination of disease resistant cultivars and biological control effectively reduced pesticide input. Mechanical direct harvesting was achieved when grain moisture content was ≤ 28%. Multi year field verification demonstrated that, compared with conventional cultivation practices, this integrated system increased net income by 206.9 yuan per 667 m2, thereby establishing a technical model that enables deep compatibility between maize germplasm characteristics and mechanized production systems. |
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