| To investigate the effects of deep fertilizer application in winter wheat on nitrogen use efficiency, as well as on the yield and quality of silage maize in a wheat–maize rotation system, a field experiment was conducted in 2024 at the Xiyuan Experimental Base in Cangzhou City. Using 'Dika 688' as the experimental material, four fertilization treatments were applied during the wheat season: no fertilization (CK), one-time basal fertilization (CF), basal fertilization plus topdressing (CFZ), and basal fertilization with supplemental fertilization (CFS). All plots received standard fertilization during the maize season. Parameters analyzed included biological yield, quality traits, dry matter accumulation, organ weight, and plant nitrogen content in silage maize.The results showed that the silage maize yield under the CFS treatment increased by 18.03% compared to CK, with a statistically significant difference (P< 0.05). No significant differences were observed for CF and CFZ compared to CK (P > 0.05). The crude protein content under CFS was significantly higher than CK (P< 0.05), with an increase of 5.41%. Similarly, starch content under CFS was 4.64% higher than CK (P< 0.05). Dry matter accumulation at the 9.1, 9.21, and 10.3 growth stages was significantly higher under CFS than CK (P< 0.05). Significant differences in dry matter accumulation were also observed in the cob (8.21, 9.1, 9.11, 9.21, 10.3), leaves (9.11, 9.21), and stalk (10.3) between CFS and CK (P< 0.05). Nitrogen accumulation under CFS was significantly higher than CK at all growth stages (P< 0.05). These findings demonstrate that deep application of fertilizer during the wheat season can improve both the yield and nutritional quality of silage maize in a wheat–maize rotation system. |
