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| 适宜陕北地区带状间作大豆品种的筛选与鉴定 |
| Screening and Identification of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Strip Intercropping in Northern Shaanxi |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 大豆 带状间作 品种筛选 农艺性状 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Soybean Strip intercropping Variety screening Agronomic traits Yield |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划（2023-ZDLNY-10）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-04）；陕西省现代农业产业技术体系（SNTX-36）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出适宜陕北地区带状间作种植的大豆品种，以不同区域征集到的15个新品种为试验材料，采用4行大豆、2行玉米间作模式，对不同品种生育期、田间抗伏性、农艺性状、产量及其构成因子进行田间鉴定，并运用主成分分析法对各品种进行综合评价。结果表明：各参试品种在陕北地区均能正常成熟，生育日数在134～153 d之间；除陕垦豆4号和宝豆10号易倒伏外，其他品种抗倒性较优；9个农艺性状及产量构成因子指标的变异系数为10.21%～80.53%，其中有效分枝数变幅最大、每荚粒数变幅最小；间作大豆产量均低于单作对照，仅有邯豆14和齐黄34较对照产量差异不显著，分别为2 442.36 kg/hm2和2 309.24 kg/hm2。相关性分析表明，间作大豆产量与单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重极显著正相关（P<0.01）、与百粒重显著正相关（P<0.05），而田间倒伏性与底荚高度、百粒重极显著正相关（P<0.01）、与株高显著正相关（P<0.05）。通过主成分分析法提取到4个主成分，累计贡献率达到87.98%，综合考虑早熟宜机收高产的要求，建议将陇中黄605、邯豆14、齐黄34作为陕北地区带状间作的大豆品种进行推广种植。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To select soybean varieties suitable for strip intercropping in northern Shaanxi Province, 15 newly introduced varieties from various regions were used as experimental materials. A four-row soybean and two-row maize strip intercropping pattern was used to evaluate growth duration, field resistance, agronomic traits, yield, and its components. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted for comprehensive varietal evaluation. All varieties reached full maturity in this region, with growth durations ranging from 134 to 153 days. All varieties exhibited better lodging resistance than 'Shankendou 4' and 'Baodou 10'. The coefficients of variation for nine agronomic traits and yield components ranged from 10.21% to 80.53%, with the number of effective branches showing the highest variation and seeds per pod the lowest. The yield of intercropped soybean was generally lower than that of the sole cropping control; however, only 'Handou 14' and 'Qihuang 34' showed no significant difference from the control. Their yields were 2 442.36 kg/hm2 and 2 309.24 kg/hm2, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that intercropped soybean yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective pod number per plant, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant (P<0.01), and 100-seed weight (P<0.05). Lodging rate was significantly correlated with bottom pod height and 100-seed weight (P<0.01), as well as plant height (P<0.05). Four principal components were extracted through PCA, with a cumulative contribution rate of 87.98%. Considering the requirements for early maturity, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and high yield,'Longzhonghuang 605', 'Handou 14', and 'Qihuang 34' are recommended as suitable soybean varieties for strip intercropping in this region. |
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