2018-2024年安徽省小麦区试半冬性组小麦品质性状及抗病性分析

晁漫宁; 王 勖; 张玉坤; 马 庆; 朱利广

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2018-2024年安徽省小麦区试半冬性组小麦品质性状及抗病性分析

Analysis of Quality Traits and Disease Resistance of Semi-winter Wheat Varieties in Anhui Province (2018-2024)

DOI：

中文关键词: 安徽小麦区试半冬性品质抗病性

英文关键词:Anhui Wheat regional trials Semi-winter wheat Quality traits Disease resistance

基金项目:安徽小麦良种联合攻关（2021-）。

作者	单位
晁漫宁，王勖，张玉坤，马庆，朱利广	（宿州市农业科学院，安徽宿州 234009）

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中文摘要:

为全面了解近些年安徽省小麦区试半冬性小麦参试品种品质和抗病性，为优质多抗小麦品种的选育提供参考，对2018-2024年间连续两年参试的157个品种的品质性状、产量及抗病性进行分析，并根据品质性状和抗病性进行聚类分析。结果表明：中筋品种、中强筋品种、强筋品种的容重变异系数分别为1.28%、1.12%、1.36%，粗蛋白含量变异系数分别为4.83%、2.87%、4.54%，湿面筋含量变异系数分别为7.83%、4.61%、2.26%，吸水率变异系数分别为4.48%、3.45%、2.21%，稳定时间变异系数分别为44.51%、32.47%、56.83%。在中筋小麦品种中，产量与粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和稳定时间等品质性状呈负相关性；随着年份的更替，参试品种的粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和稳定时间呈下降趋势，吸水率呈上升趋势；赤霉病和白粉病均以中感（MS）品种居多，纹枯病以感病（S）品种居多，优质且抗病性较强的品种较少；近两年，赤霉病达到中抗（MR）的品种数量减少，白粉病达到中抗(MR)的品种数量逐渐增加，纹枯病均为感病(S)品种；通过聚类分析，将157个参试品种分为4类，其中类群Ⅰ包含2个品种，类群Ⅱ包含23个品种，类群Ⅲ包含1个品种，类群Ⅳ包含131个品种。综合上述结果得出，优质小麦品种间品质差异较小，中筋品种产量与品质性状存在拮抗关系，在未来育种中应重视年份更替对小麦品质的影响，以及优质多抗小麦品种选育，同时高效利用优良种质资源，加快选育进程。

英文摘要:

To comprehensively evaluate the quality traits and disease resistance of semi-winter wheat varieties in Anhui Province and to provide a reference for breeding high-quality, multi-resistant varieties, this study analyzed the yield, quality traits, and disease resistance of 157 varieties tested over two consecutive years between 2018 and 2024. Cluster analysis was performed based on these traits.The results showed that among medium-gluten wheat varieties, yield was negatively correlated with crude protein content, wet gluten content, and dough stability time. Over time, these quality traits exhibited a downward trend, while water absorption increased. Most varieties were moderately susceptible (MS) to scab and powdery mildew, while all varieties remained susceptible (S) to sheath blight. Few varieties combined high quality with strong disease resistance. In recent years, the number of varieties moderately resistant (MR) to scab decreased, whereas the number of MR varieties for powdery mildew gradually increased.Cluster analysis divided the 157 varieties into four groups: 2 in Group I, 23 in Group II, 1 in Group III, and 131 in Group IV. Future breeding should focus on year-to-year variation in wheat quality, prioritize the development of multi-resistant, high-quality varieties, and make full use of elite germplasm resources to accelerate the breeding process.

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