施肥模式对旱地大豆生长发育及产量构成的影响

杨双双; 林成清; 王志豪; 刘钦慧; 刘 瑜; 周天游; 刘楚华; 王小林

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施肥模式对旱地大豆生长发育及产量构成的影响

Effects of Fertilization Patterns on Growth and Development and Yield Components of Soybean in Drylands

DOI：

中文关键词: 生物炭黄土旱地大豆形态发育生理功能根系形态

英文关键词:Biochar Loess dryland Morphological development Physiological function Root morpholog

基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目（2021JZ-55）；国家自然科学基金（41967013）；榆林市科技局产学研合作项目（CXY-2022-70）；榆林学院2023年研究生创新基金项目（2023YLYCX21)；中央引导地方科技发展基金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目（20227Y2-GCZX-05）；陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目（2022NYT01）。

作者	单位
杨双双，林成清，王志豪，刘钦慧，刘瑜，周天游，刘楚华，王小林	（1.榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林 719000 2.陕西省陕北旱区作物节水工程技术研究中心,陕西榆林 719000)

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中文摘要:

为探明氮肥、磷肥以及增施生物炭的施肥组合模式对旱地大豆生理功能调控、根系形态及产量构成的影响，试验以‘中黄13’为研究对象，共设置四个不同的试验处理,CK（N 30 kg/hm²）、DNP（N 60 kg/hm²，P , 30 kg/hm²)、GNP(N 90 kg/hm²，P 45 kg/hm²)和GNP-C（N 90 kg/hm²，P 45 kg/hm²，生物炭1 500 kg/hm²），解析不同施肥组合方式对旱地大豆的根系形发育、农艺性状的调控及产量之间的关联机制。结果表明：（1）四种试验处理，大豆产量平均增产42.85%，GNP-C和GNP、DNP产量与对照组相比显著增加58.31%、45.82%和24.42%。（2）化肥配施生物炭对根系生长发育调控作用显著，GNP-C处理根长、根表面积显著增长37.64%和35.29%，根系体积显著增长达51.09%，增强了植株根系调控能力，为增产提供了潜力。（3）化肥、生物炭配施可有效促进植株生物量合理分配，其中GNP-C处理与对照组相比增加了73.35%,达到最高。（4）大豆根系干重、地上部干重增长呈现S形曲线,分别在盛花期和鼓粒期干重达到顶峰。因此，化肥搭配生物炭GNP-C处理可有效提高根系空间的合理布局，增强干物质的积累和分配能力，平衡生物量运输，促进生物量合理分配，为高产稳产打下基础。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of combined nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers as well as the biochar application on the physiological regulation, root morphology and yield components of dryland soybean, an experiment was conducted using the cultivar 'Zhonghuang 13' as as test material. Four fertilization treatments were set up: CK (N, 30 kg/hm²), DNP (N, 60 kg/hm², P, 30 kg/hm²), GNP (N, 90 kg/hm², P, 45 kg/hm²) and GNP-C (N, 90 kg/hm², P, 45 kg/hm², Biochar, 1 500 kg/hm²), to analyze how different fertilizer combinations affect root morphology, agronomic traits, and yield in dryland soybean. The results showed that: (1) relative to CK, soybean yield increased by an average of 42.85% across fertilized treatments, and the yields under GNP-C, GNP, and DNP increased significantly by 58.31%, 45.82%, and 24.42%, respectively; (2) chemical fertilizer combined with biochar significantly promoted root growth and development; under GNP-C, root length and root surface area increased by 37.64% and 35.29%, respectively, and root volume increased by 51.09%, thereby enhancing the plant’s root-system functioning and providing potential for yield improvement; (3) the combination of chemical fertilizer and biochar effectively promoted rational biomass allocation, with the GNP-C treatment showing a 73.35% increase over CK, the highest among treatments; and (4) the dry weight of soybean roots and aboveground parts followed an S-shaped curve, peaking at the full bloom and seed-filling stages, respectively. In conclusion, the GNP-C treatment improves the spatial distribution of the root system, enhances dry-matter accumulation and allocation, balances biomass allocation, and supports high, stable yield.atter accumulation and allocation, balances biomass allocation, and supports high and stable yield.

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