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| 播期和密度对洛豆16095生长发育、产量及品质的影响 |
| Effects of Sowing Time and Density on Growth,Development, Yield,and Quality of Luodou 16095 |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 播期 密度 洛豆16095 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:Sowing date Planting density Luodou 16095 Yield Quality |
| 基金项目:河南省农业良种联合攻关项目（2022010304）;黄淮海高油高产大豆新品种设计与培育（2023ZD04033）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究洛豆16095在洛阳市及相近生态环境下的最佳播期和密度，采用裂区试验设计，主区为播期B（B1：6月21日、B2：7月1日、B3：7月11日），副区为密度M（M1：13.5万株/hm2、M2：18万株/hm2、M3：22.5万株/hm2、M4：27万株/hm2），分析了播期和密度对大豆新品种洛豆16095生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，在本试验条件下，推迟播期主要通过缩短营养生长期而缩短生育进程,种植密度对生育进程的影响不显著。播期对光合特性影响较大，适期早播会显著提高盛花期和盛荚期的净光合速率和蒸腾速率，增加盛荚期气孔导度，减少盛荚期胞间CO2浓度；与播期相比，密度对光合特性影响较小，降低密度会提高盛花期和盛荚期净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率，减少盛花期和盛荚期胞间CO2浓度，不同密度间光合参数均值差异不显著。适期早播会显著减少单株无效荚数，显著增加百粒重；降低密度会显著增加单株有效分枝、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重。适期早播会显著提升粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量；密度对品质影响较小，降低密度会增加粗脂肪含量，降低粗蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量，不同密度间粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白质含量、蛋脂总含量差异不显著。播期对产量的影响较大，早播产量高于晚播，B1播期产量最高，显著高于B2、B3播期；密度对产量的影响较小，B1播期不同密度间产量差异不显著，M2、M3和M4密度下产量均较高。综上，在洛阳市及相近生态环境下，洛豆16095最适宜播期为6月21日，适宜密度为18~27万株/hm2，此时产量较高、品质较优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the optimal sowing date and planting density for Luodou 16095 in Luoyang and similar ecological environments,a split-plot experimental design was employed. The main plot factor was the sowing date (B1: June 21,B2: July 1,B3: July 11),while the subplot factor was planting density (M1: 135,000 plants/ha,M2: 180,000 plants/ha,M3: 225,000 plants/ha,M4: 270,000 plants/ha). This study analyzed the effects of sowing date and planting density on the growth,development,yield,and quality of Luodou 16095. The results indicated that under the conditions of this experiment,delayed sowing primarily shortened the vegetative growth period,thereby reducing the overall growth duration,whereas planting density had no significant effect on the growth cycle. The sowing date had a significant influence on photosynthetic characteristics. Early sowing at an optimal time significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate during the full flowering and peak podding stages,enhanced stomatal conductance during the peak podding stage,and reduced intercellular CO2 concentration at the same stage. In contrast,planting density had a comparatively minor effect on photosynthetic traits. Reducing planting density increased net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate during the full flowering and peak podding stages,while decreasing intercellular CO2 concentration; however,the mean differences in photosynthetic parameters among different densities were not significant. In terms of plant morphology and yield components,early sowing significantly reduced the number of ineffective pods per plant while increasing the 100-seed weight. Lower planting densities significantly increased the number of effective branches,effective pods per plant,grains per plant,and grain weight per plant. Regarding quality,early sowing significantly enhanced crude fat content,crude protein content,and total protein-fat content. While planting density had a relatively smaller effect on quality,lower densities tended to increase crude fat content while reducing crude protein and total protein-fat content,though the differences between densities were not statistically significant. Sowing date had a pronounced effect on yield,with earlier sowing producing higher yields compared to later sowing. The highest yield was observed in the B1 (June 21) sowing treatment,which was significantly greater than that in B2 (July 1) and B3 (July 11). In contrast,planting density had a lesser effect on yield. Under the B1 sowing date,yield differences among the density treatments were not significant,and higher yields were generally observed at M2,M3,and M4 densities.In conclusion,for Luoyang and similar ecological environments,the most suitable sowing date for Luodou 16095 is June 21,with an optimal planting density of 180,000 to 270,000 plants/hm2,as this combination results in higher yield and improved quality. |
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