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| 土壤C/N配施对黄土旱区谷子营养器官生物量分配及产量的影响 |
| Effects of Soil C/N Ratio on Biomass Allocation in Vegetative Organs and Yield of Millet in Arid Area of Loess Plateau |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 谷子 土壤CN配施 生物量分配 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Millet Soil CN combined application Biomass allocation Yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41967013,31751001）；陕西省榆林市科学技术局产学研合作项目（CXY-2022-70）；中央引导地方科技发展基金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目（20227Y2-GCZX-05）；陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目（2022NYT01）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为通过优化黄土旱区谷子施肥模式，探明旱区谷子生物量分配与产量形成的关系，以实现黄土旱区谷子高产、高效种植，通过大田土壤C/N配施模式，选用黄土高原旱地广适性谷子品种晋谷21号为研究材料，采用完全随机区组设计，通过测定不同生物炭梯度（C:0 g/m2、C1: 10 g/m2、C2: 15 g/m2、C3: 20 g/m2、C4: 25 g/m2）、N肥梯度（N:1 g/m2、N1：3.0 g/m2、N2：6.0 g/m2、N3：9.0 g/m2、N4：12.0 g/m2）及C/N配施比例变化条件下谷子营养器官生物量分配,探索其对产量的影响，为实现谷子产量提升和土壤地力优化提供理论支撑。结果表明：（1）在抽穗期，生物炭和氮肥添加对谷子株高茎粗有显著影响，谷子株高和茎粗在N2、N3和C2处理下较高，其中在N3C2达到最高，相比对照分别提高了35.49%和39.28%。（2）在各生育期，生物炭和氮添加分别使谷子生物量积累分别平均显著提升了53.76%和76.12%，过量的生物炭添加会降低谷子生物量的积累，C4处理较C3处理使谷子生物量平均下降了30.08%，但相比对照及低施生物炭处理都有提高，在生物炭和氮肥配施处理下，N3C2处理下谷子的叶干物重和茎干物重增长最为显著，相较与N1C1分别平均显著提升了98.84%和74.95%，N4C4处理下谷子生物量积累较N3C2平均降低了45.65%。（3）在后期谷子灌浆结实中有CN配施具有良好的促进谷子生物量积累的作用，平均显著提升18.66%，N3C2的产量最高，相比对照组提高了38.96%。综上所述，土壤C/N配施能有效提高谷子生物量积累和产量的形成，实现旱地谷子产量稳定提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To achieve high yield and efficient millet cultivation in the Loess Plateau, this study explored the relationship between biomass allocation and yield formation by optimizing fertilization strategies. The field experiment used different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) combinations, with the widely adaptable millet variety ‘Jingu 21’ as the research subject. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The study measured different biochar gradients (C0: 0 g/m2, C1: 10 g/m2, C2: 15 g/m2, C3: 20 g/m2, and C4: 25 g/m2) and nitrogen fertilizer gradients (N0: 1 g/m2, N1: 3.0 g/m2, N2: 6.0 g/m2, and N3: 9.0 g/m2) to determine their effects on the C/N ratio. The results showed that: (1) At the heading stage, biochar and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected millet plant height and stem diameter. The highest values were observed under N3C2 treatment, where plant height and stem diameter increased by 35.49% and 39.28%, respectively, compared to the control.(2) At each growth stage, the biomass accumulation increased significantly by 53.76% with biochar addition and by 76.12% with nitrogen addition. However, excessive biochar application reduced biomass accumulation; millet biomass under the C4 treatment decreased by an average of 30.08% compared to the C3 treatment but remained higher than in the control and low biochar treatments. Under the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer, the leaf dry matter weight and stem dry matter weight of millet under N3C2 treatment increased significantly by 98. 84% and 74. 95% compared with N1C1, respectively, while the biomass accumulation of millet under N4C4 treatment decreased by 45. 65% compared with N3C2.(3) In the late millet filling period, the combined application of CN had a good performance in promoting the biomass accumulation of millet, with an average significant increase of 18. 66%, and the yield of N3C2 was the highest, which was 38. 96% higher than that of the control group.To sum up, soil C/N fertilization can effectively improve the biomass accumulation and yield formation of millet, and realize the fundamental effect of stable improvement of millet yield in dry land. |
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