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| 氮肥对黑小麦“运黑161”产量及氮素利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Triticale ‘Yunhei 161’ |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥 黑小麦 产量 品质 氮效率 |
| 英文关键词:Nitrogen fertilizer Triticale Yield Quality Nitrogen efficiency |
| 基金项目:山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目（202003-1);山西省基础研究计划（20210302123410）;中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（YDZJSX2021C016);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-03-01-24）;山西省重大专项重点实验室课题（202003-2）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究不同施肥水平对黑小麦产量和氮利用率的影响，在洪洞县小麦试验基地开展大田试验。试验以“运黑161”为供试品种，采用单因素完全随机设计，设0 kg/hm2（N0）、144 kg/hm2（N144）、192 kg/hm2（N192）、240 kg/hm2（N240）4 个施氮水平，研究黑小麦在不同氮肥水平下的株高、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮利用率的变化。研究表明，与不施肥相比，施氮可增加黑小麦孕穗至成熟期株高。随施氮量的增加，成熟期穗数和穗粒数也增加，产量以施氮量240 kg/hm2最高，达6 048.45 kg/hm2，较其它氮肥提高6.04%~134.30%，但与施氮量192 kg/hm2处理间差异不显著。氮肥农学利用率以施氮量192 kg/hm2最高，达16.26%。总之，施氮量为192 kg/hm2更利于“运黑161”降低氮肥投入，节约成本，实现产量和氮效率的同步提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effect of different fertilization levels on triticale yield and nitrogen utilization rate, a field experiment was conducted at the wheat test base in Hongtong County. The cultivar 'Yunhei 161' was used as material, a single-factor completely randomized design was adopted. Four nitrogen application levels were set: 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 144 kg/hm2 (N144), 192 kg/hm2 (N192), and 240 kg/hm2 (N240). The objective was to observe the variations in plant height, yield, grain protein content, and nitrogen utilization rate of triticale under different nitrogen application levels. The results showed that compared to no fertilization, nitrogen application rates of 144 kg/hm2, 192 kg/hm2, and 240 kg/hm2 led to an increase in triticale's plant height from booting to maturity. With an increase in nitrogen application rate, the number of spikes and grains per spike also increased at the maturity stage. The highest yield was observed at a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2, reaching 6 048.45 kg/hm2, which was 6.04%~134.30% higher than other nitrogen application treatments. However, there was no significant difference compared to a nitrogen application rate of 192 kg/hm2. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest at 192 kg/hm2, reaching 16.26%. In conclusion, for ‘Yunhei161’, a nitrogen application rate of 192 kg/hm2 is recommended to optimize yield, enhance the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer, lower costs, and improve economic benefits. |
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