喷施不同钙肥以及钙肥混施激素对‘蜜脆’苹果果实的影响

杜英俊; 杨 洁; 张 琪; 陈泽浩; 毛 柯; 马锋旺; 李 超

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喷施不同钙肥以及钙肥混施激素对‘蜜脆’苹果果实的影响

Effects of Spraying Different Calcium Fertilizers and Mixed Application of Calcium Fertilizers with Hormones on ‘Honey Crisp’ Apple Fruit

DOI：

中文关键词: 苹果果实补钙品质蜜脆激素

英文关键词:Aapple Fruit Calcium supplement Quality Honey brittleness Hormone

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001403);陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-01-02);国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-27)。

作者	单位
杜英俊，杨洁，张琪，陈泽浩，毛柯，马锋旺，李超	（西北农林科技大学园艺学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

【目的】以‘蜜脆’苹果为试材，通过幼果期喷施不同钙肥以及钙肥混施激素（IAA和GA₃），筛选出补钙效果较好的钙肥以及适宜的激素浓度，为生产上苹果果实补钙提供理论依据。【方法】试验地位于西北农林科技大学旬邑苹果试验站，2019年，通过分别喷施氨基酸钙和糖醇钙，同时配合施用不同浓度激素（IAA和GA₃），设置1个对照，糖醇钙800倍液、氨基酸钙800倍液及氨基酸钙800倍液分别混施10mg/LGA₃、20mg/LGA₃、30mg/LGA₃、10mg/LIAA、20mg/LIAA和30mg/LIAA 8个处理，分别按照配方浓度以及组合方案进行叶面和果面喷施，从盛花期后15天，苹果坐果（4月下旬）开始，每隔10天喷施一次，共喷施3次。2020年对2019年筛选的有效处理进行重复验证，并增加糖醇钙800倍液混施20mg/LGA₃和20mg/LIAA，0.5%硝酸钙和0.5%氯化钙4个处理。果实采收后，测定果实钙含量以及果实品质相关指标。【结果】2019年试验筛选出糖醇钙是补钙效果较好的一种钙肥，糖醇钙800倍液处理果实钙含量相对于CK提高了200%。氨基酸钙混施激素的处理中，氨基酸钙800倍液分别混施20mg/LGA₃、20mg/LIAA和30mg/LIAA处理的苹果果实钙含量均显著高于对照和其他配施浓度激素处理。2019年不同处理均不同程度提高了‘蜜脆’果实单果重。不同处理山梨醇含量相对于CK均显著降低，且不同处理之间没有显著性差异。2020年处理中，糖醇钙800倍液以及糖醇钙800倍液分别混施20mg/LGA₃、20mg/LIAA处理补钙效果最好，钙含量分别相对于CK增加了95%、126%、121%。氨基酸钙800倍液分别混施用20mg/LGA₃和20mg/LIAA处理果实钙含量相对于CK分别增加了30%、72%。0.5%硝酸钙和0.5%氯化钙处理钙含量相对于CK增加了45%、35%。除0.5%氯化钙处理外，其他处理均显著提高了‘蜜脆’果实的单果重。2020年不同处理均显著提高了果实的果皮硬度，果皮延展性相对于CK有显著提升。不同处理山梨醇含量相比于CK均不同程度显著降低，与2019年处理一致。【结论】试验通过幼果期喷施不同钙肥以及钙肥混施激素处理，发现糖醇钙是补钙效果较好的种钙肥，且钙肥混合施用20mg/LIAA和GA₃显著提高了补钙效果，且不同钙肥以及钙肥混施激素处理均不同程度提高了‘蜜脆’果实单果重，糖醇钙800倍液处理果实糖酸比有所增加，果实着色度有所提高。不同处理果皮硬度和果皮延展性显著提高，山梨醇含量显著降低，果实品质有一定程度的提升。

英文摘要:

Using‘Honey Crisp’apple as the test material, by spraying different calcium fertilizers and calcium fertilizer mixed application hormones (IAA and GA₃) at the young fruit stage, the calcium fertilizers with better calcium supplementation and suitable hormones were screened out. The concentration provides a theoretical basis for calcium supplementation in apple production. The test site is located at Xunyi Apple Experimental Station of Northwest A&F University. In 2019, the amino acid calcium and sugar alcohol calcium were spayed separately,different concentrations of hormones (IAA and GA₃) were applied simultaneously.A control was set up, sugar alcohol calcium 800 times solution, amino acid calcium 800 times solution and amino acid calcium 800 times solution were mixed with 8 treatments of 10mg/L GA₃, 20mg/L GA₃, 30mg/L GA₃, 10mg/LIAA, 20 mg/LIAA and 30 mg/LIAA, respectively, according to the formula concentration and the combined program, was sprayed on foliage and fruit surfaces.15 days after the full blooming period.From fruit-setting (late April), spraying once every 10 days for a total of 3 times. In 2020, the effective treatments screened in 2019 would be repeated and verified, and 4 treatments would be added 800 times solution of calcium sugar alcohol mixed with 20mg/LGA₃ and 20mg/LIAA, 0.5% calcium nitrate and 0.5% calcium chloride. After the fruits were harvested, the calcium content of the fruits and related indexes of fruit quality were determined. In 2019, the results showed that the sugar alcohol calcium was a kind of calcium fertilizer with better calcium supplement effect. The calcium content of fruits treated with 800 times solution of sugar alcohol calcium was 200% higher than that of CK. In the treatment of mixed application of amino acid calcium and hormone, the calcium content of apple fruit treated with 800 times solution of amino acid calcium mixed with 20mg/L GA₃, 20mg/LIAA and 30mg/LIAA was significantly higher than that of the control and other combined hormone treatments. In 2019, different treatments increased the single fruit weight of ‘Honey Crisp’ fruit to varying degrees. The content of sorbitol in different treatments was significantly lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between different treatments. In the treatment in 2020, the calcium supplement effect of the sugar alcohol calcium 800 times liquid and the sugar alcohol calcium 800 times liquid was mixed with 20 mg/L GA₃and 20mg/LIAA, respectively, and the calcium content increased by 95%, 126%, and 121, respectively relative to CK. Compared with CK, the calcium content of fruits treated with 800 times of amino acid calcium solution mixed with 20mg/LGA₃ and 20mg/L IAA increased by 30% and 72%, respectively. Compared with CK, the calcium content of 0.5% calcium nitrate and 0.5% calcium chloride treatment increased by 45% and 35%. Except for the 0.5% calcium chloride treatment, the other treatments significantly increased the single fruit weight of the‘Honey Crisp’ fruit. In 2020, different treatments significantly improved the hardness of the fruit skin, and the extensibility of the fruit skin was significantly improved compared with CK. The content of sorbitol in different treatments was significantly lower than that of CK, which was consistent with the treatment in 2019.In this experiment, after spraying of the different calcium fertilizers and hormone treatments at the young fruit stage,it is found that sugar alcohol calcium is a kind of calcium fertilizer with a better calcium supplement, and the mixed application of calcium fertilizers 20mg/LIAA and GA₃ can significantly improve the calcium supplementation effect, and the treatment of different calcium fertilizers and the mixed application of calcium fertilizers can increase the single fruit weight of the‘Honeycrisp’ fruit to varying degrees. The sugar-acid ratio of the fruit is increased by the 800-fold solution of sugar alcohol calcium, and the color of the fruit is increased. With different treatments, the hardness and ductility of the peel are significantly improved, the content of sorbitol is significantly reduced, and the quality of the fruit is improved to a certain extent.

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